Wednesday, February 12, 2014

胎蔵界 Womb Realm - Garbhakosa Dhatu

The Garbhadhatu mandala. The center square represents the young stage of Vairocana Buddha.

He is surrounded by eight Buddhas and bodhisattvas (clockwise from top: Ratnasambhava, Samantabhadra, Samkusumitaraja, Manjusri, AmitabhaAvalokitesvara, Amoghasiddhi, Maitreya)



In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Womb Realm (Skt. garbhakosa-dhatu, Japanese: 胎蔵界 taizōkai) is the metaphysical space inhabited by the Five Wisdom Kings.

The Womb Realm is based on the Mahāvairocana Sutra.

The name of the mandala derives from chapter 2 of the sutra, where it is said that Mahāvairocana Buddha revealed the mandala's secret teachings to his disciple Vajrasattva from his "womb of compassion".[1]

In other translations, the term matrix realm or Matrix Mandala are used.[2]

The Womb Realm is a very popular subject for mandalas, and along with the Diamond Realm (vajradhatu) Mandala forms the Mandala of the Two Realms.

This mandala, along with the Diamond Realm, form the core of Japanese Shingon and Tendai Buddhist rituals, including the initiation or abhiseka ritual.

In this ritual, new initiates are blindfolded and asked to toss a flower upon a mandala.

Where the flower lands helps decide which Buddhist figure the student should devote themselves to.[3]

In traditional Shingon halls, the Womb Realm Mandala is hung on the east wall, symbolizing the young stage of Mahāvairocana Buddha.[4]

In this setting, the Diamond Realm Mandala is hung on the west wall symbolizing the final realization of Mahāvairocana Buddha.



胎藏界(梵文:garbhakosa-dhatu),密宗術語,藏傳佛教稱為行續、行怛特羅、或二俱續、事二俱瑜伽,以密續大日經》為中心所形成的一個密宗流派。

它與金剛界合稱兩部大法,或兩部純密,形成唐密的主體。

在它之前形成的密法則稱為雜密

在中國,此宗在唐朝之後失傳,但傳入日本,在日本茁壯。

目前在日本信奉者較多。

藏傳佛教視它為下三部密法中的第二部,修持的人較少。



胎藏界的梵文,源自於梵文字根garbha,有隱藏、包含之意,在密宗之中,意指為佛性、或如來藏

胎藏界以《大日經》「菩提心為因,大悲為根本,以方便而至究竟」三句義為根本。


認為人皆具備如來藏佛性,是一切眾生本有的清淨菩提心,真常不變,胎藏心中;
大日如來代表的就是這個本有的清淨菩提心。

修行真言密法的目的,就是在於發揚這個清淨菩提心,使自己與大日如來合一。

胎藏界密法,結合了真言咒語,與曼荼羅

藏傳佛教宗喀巴認為,行續外在的真言儀軌與內在的禪定修持是同等重要的,所以稱為行續[1]
它與事續不同的地方在於,雖然它也重視咒語儀軌,但是它已經進入理論層次,更為重視般若智慧的層面,因此,它可以被視為是事續的進一步發展[2]


胎藏界曼荼羅


胎藏界曼荼羅的中台八葉院內的佛像,由上方開始順時針方向起,分別為寶幢如來普賢菩薩開敷華王如來文殊菩薩阿彌陀如來彌勒菩薩天鼓雷音如來觀音菩薩,中央為大日如來。日本國寶平安時代初期9世紀繪制的絹本著色《両界曼荼羅圖》現藏於日本京都的東寺
外金剛部院
文殊院


釋迦院






遍知院



中台
八葉院
持明院
虛空藏院
蘇悉地院
胎藏界五佛,位於中台八葉院,即是大日如來寶幢如來開敷華王如來無量壽如來天鼓雷音如來

註解[編輯]

  1. ^ 《密宗道次第廣論》卷二:「若待外事內定等分,非待極多外事,即是行部之機。」「事定等行故名行續。」
  2. ^ 《密宗道次第廣論》卷二:「若內正定與諸外事等分開示立為行續。如《大日經》註云:『此續雖是方便智慧為主之瑜伽續,然為攝受信解外事諸眾生故,開示隨順外事諸行。故共稱事續或二俱續。』又《金剛藏莊嚴續》云:『事二俱瑜伽。』亦說行續為二俱續。」

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