脊柱前凸 Lordosis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosis

The term lordosis refers to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine.

Excessive or hyperlordosis can happen and lumbar hyperlordosis is commonly referred to as sway back, hollow back or saddle back, a term that originates from the similar condition that arises in some horses.

A major factor of lordosis is forward pelvic tilt, when the pelvis tips forward when resting on top of the thighs.

Curvature in the opposite direction is termed kyphosis.

Sometimes the word lordosis is used to mean "hyperlordosis" but this is incorrect use of the word.


Cause

Normal lordotic curvatures, also known as secondary curvatures results in a difference in the thickness between the front and back parts of the intervertebral disc. 

Lordosis may also increase at puberty sometimes not becoming evident until the early or mid-20s. Imbalances in muscle strength and length are also a cause, such as weak hamstrings, or tight hip flexors(psoas).

Other health conditions and disorders can cause lordosis. 

Achondroplasia (a disorder where bones grow abnormally which can result in short stature as in dwarfism), Spondylolisthesis (a condition in which vertebrae slip forward) and osteoporosis (the most common bone disease in which bone density is lost resulting in bone weakness and increased likelihood of fracture) are some of the most common causes of lordosis. Other causes include obesity, kyphosis (spine curvature disorder in which the thoracic curvature is abnormally rounded), discitits (an inflammation of the intervertebral disc space caused by infection) and benign juvenile lordosis.[2]

Excessive lordotic curvature is also called hyperlordosis, hollow back, saddle back, and swayback,[by whom?] although swayback can also refer to a nearly opposite postural misalignment that can initially look quite similar. 

Common causes of excessive lordosis include tight low back muscles, excessive visceral fat, and pregnancy. Rickets, a vitamin D deficiency in children, can cause lumbar lordosis.



Effects

Although lordosis gives an impression of a stronger back, incongruently it can lead to moderate to severe lower back pain. This condition can commonly affect dancers.

Diagnosis

Measurement and diagnosis of lumbar lordosis can be difficult. 

Obliteration of vertebral end-plate landmarks by interbody fusion may make the traditional measurement of segmental lumbar lordosis more difficult. 

Because the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels are most commonly involved in fusion procedures, or arthrodesis, and contribute to normal lumbar lordosis, it is helpful to identify a reproducible and accurate means of measuring segmental lordosis at these levels.

A visible sign of lordosis is an abnormally large arch of the lower back and the person appears to be puffing out his or her stomach and buttocks. 

Precise diagnosis of lordosis is done by looking at a complete medical history, physical examination and other tests of the patient. 

X-rays are used to measure the lumbar curvature, bone scans are conducted in order to rule out possible fractures and infections, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to eliminate the possibility of spinal cord or nerve abnormalities, and computed tomography scans (CT scans) are used to get a more detailed image of the bones, muscles and organs of the lumbar region.

Treatment

Lumbar lordosis may be treated by strengthening the hip extensors on the back of the thighs, and by stretching the hip flexors on the front of the thighs.

Only the muscles on the front and on the back of the thighs can rotate the pelvis forward or backward while in a standing position because they can discharge the force on the ground through the legs and feet. 

Abdominal muscles and erector spinae can't discharge force on an anchor point while standing, unless one is holding his hands somewhere, hence their function will be to flex or extend the torso, not the hip. 

Back hyper-extensions on a Roman chair or inflatable ball will strengthen all the posterior chain and will treat lordosis. 

So too will stiff legged deadlifts and supine hip lifts and any other similar movement strengthening the posterior chain without involving the hip flexors in the front of the thighs. 

Abdominal exercises could be avoided altogether if they stimulate too much the psoas and the other hip flexors.

Strengthening of the hip extensors, which are on the back of the thighs, and optionally stretching of the hip flexors, which are on the front of the thighs, will be enough to treat a lordosis in quite a short time. 

Anti-inflammatory pain relievers may be taken as directed for short-term relief. 

Physical therapy effectively treats 70% of back pain cases due to scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, and bad posture.

Hypo-lordosis is more common than hyper-lordosis.

Hypo-lordosis can be corrected non-surgically through rehabilitation exercises. 

Many different techniques exist to accomplish this correction. 

These exercises, if done correctly, may reduce symptoms in those with the typical presentation in 3–6 months. 

This type of treatment is typically provided by a chiropractor, though some physical therapists offer it as well.

Controversy regarding the degree to which manipulative therapy can help a patient still exists. 

If therapeutic measures reduce symptoms, but not the measurable degree of lordotic curvature, this could be viewed as a successful outcome of treatment, though based solely on subjective data. 

The presence of measurable abnormality does not automatically equate with a level of reported symptoms.

In animals

A horse with significant lordosis
See also: Back (horse)

Lordosis can be also seen in animals, in particular horses and other equines. Usually called "swayback," soft back, or low back, it is an undesirableconformation trait. 

Swayback is caused in part from a loss of muscle tone in both the back and abdominal muscles, plus a weakening and stretching of the ligaments. 

As in humans, it may be influenced by bearing young; it is sometimes seen in a broodmare that has had multiple foals. 

However, it is also common in older horses whose age leads to loss of muscle tone and stretched ligaments. It also occurs due to overuse or injury to the muscles and ligaments from excess work or loads, or from premature work placed upon an immature animal. Equines with too long a back are more prone to the condition than those with a short back, but as a longer back is also linked to smoother gaits, the trait is sometimes encouraged by selective breeding. It has been found to have a hereditary basis in the American Saddlebred breed, transmitted via a recessive mode of inheritance. Research into the genetics underlying the condition has several values beyond just the Saddlebred breed as it may "serve as a model for investigating congenital skeletal deformities in horses and other species."


Lordosis in a sexual context is the naturally occurring position for sexual receptivity in non-primate mammalian females. The lordosis position is facilitated by the appropriate sensory input, such as touch or smell. For example, in female hamsters, when they are in the correct hormonal state there are areas on the flank, that when touched by the male, facilitate lordosis.

Several brain area are known to be important for the regulation of lordosis, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN). 

The activity of the VMN in the regulation of lordosis is estrogen-dependent and when it is lesioned lordosis is abolished. 

Displays of lordosis can be affected by exposure to stress during puberty.  

Specifically, stress can suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and therefore decrease concentrations of gonadal hormones. 

Consequently, these reductions in exposure to gonadal hormones around puberty can result in decreases in sexual behavior in adulthood, including displays of lordosis.

Other

Lordosis behavior refers to the position that some mammalian females (including cats, mice, and rats) display when they are ready to mate ("in heat"). The term is also used to describe mounting behavior in male mammals.

In radiology, a lordotic view is an X-ray taken of a patient leaning backwards.

Lordosis in the human spine makes it easier for humans to bring the bulk of their mass over the pelvis. This allows for a much more efficient walking gait than that of other primates, whose inflexible spines cause them to resort to an inefficient forward leaning "bent-knee, bent-waist" gait. As such, lordosis in the human spine is considered one of the primary physiological adaptations of the human skeleton that allows for human gait to be as energetically efficient as it is.

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（1）亦称脊柱前弯。指脊柱的矢面上前方的凸弯。在人类可见于颈椎及腰椎是生理现象。与此相反，把向后方的凸弯称为脊柱后弯（kyphosis），见于胸椎同样也是生理现象。根据这种前弯和后弯，使人体能够采取均衡的姿势。

（2）在行为学上，多指啮齿类雌性的交配姿势而言。由于雄性性交时前肢压迫两侧腹部而使前肢屈曲，前半身放低，同时背部拱起，腰部上提，使膣口部向后突出的姿势。带有长尾的是将尾向侧方弯曲。系基于发情激素的反应，黄体激素起促进作用。在发情的雌性，是相当明显的反射反应，可以用手进行人工刺激而引起。可被作为判断雌性发情的指标，用于大白鼠、天竺鼠等的性行为指标的研究。在测定反应强度的定量中，对雄性的性交回数用脊柱前凸反应的回数的百分比的脊柱前凸商（lordosis quotient，LQ）

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Someone asked me for help for a patient suffering from Lordosis.

The Xray pictures are from the patient seeking help.

Surgery was suggested to this patient. 

This is a doctor's comment after seeing the Xray pictures:

Has the patient tried physio, rehab and accupuncture?

The apotheosis does seem fairly marked.

Lordosis**

Surgery may be her last option.

Condition can also be genetic.

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Dear all, GM Lu's advice to all is when you are sick, go seek medical aid or treatment.

I would like to stress again that we can help with lowering their karmic negative levels thus giving them a better chance at full recovery or close to full recovery.

Irreversible changes to the human body truly can't be corrected by any rituals or prayers and only the Individual's own sincere efforts at Repentance will make a difference.

That is to say: I don't want your money! Because Money can't solve your problem!

Cheers all

Om Guru Lian Sheng Siddhi Hom

Lama Lotuschef